Discussion Questions

Circulatory System—The Heart

The cardiovascular system is divided into two systems—the pulmonary and the systemic circulation. As the names implies, the pulmonary system takes blood to the lungs to exhale CO₂ and inhale oxygen. The systemic circulation transports the oxygenated blood, along with all the other substances dissolved in blood, such as nutrients, hormones, and electrolytes, to the millions of cells in our bodies. This system includes the heart and blood vessels; hence cardiovascular. The coronary arteries provide blood supply to the heart, and the heart is made up of specialized cells that activate and conduct impulses to contract the heart muscle. The blood vessels consist of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry blood "Away" from the heart (look at the A for arteries and the A for a way to help you remember). Veins carry blood to the heart. Capillaries are the exchange vessels that permit transfer of gases, nutrients, and all dissolved substances in the blood.

Your Learning Objectives for the Week:

• Identify the major superficial structures of the heart, including valves, chambers, and vessels
• Describe the normal flow of blood through the heart; describe the conducting system of the heart
• Define stroke volume, cardiac output, heart rate, and blood pressure